Gram staining is a method of differentiating bacterial species and it is commonly known and used in microbiology. It is also one of the most frequently used diagnostic methods in hospital and clinical laboratories. Gram staining differentiates bacteria into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. That division is based on the two groups’ bacterial membrane structural differences, i. e. their capability of retaining the dye. Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker cellular membrane which enables retaining the dye inside the cell by treating them with iodine solution that creates insoluble iodine and primary dye complex. Gram-negative bacteria have thinner cellular membrane structure which cannot retain the dye. It washes away through the membrane and using counterstaining forms the basis for differentiating between the two bacteria groups. BioGnost’s BioGram Eco kit does not contain phenol and it minimizes exposure to harmful chemicals. The kit contains the following reagents: Gram Crystal Violet, phenol-free reagent, Gram Sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, stabilized Gram Lugol solution, Gram Decolorizer solution 2 (double package) and Gram Safranin solution.
BioGram ECO kit
Four-reagent phenol-free kit for the identification of bacteria according to Gram. Kit contains Gram Crystal violet, phenol free reagent, Gram Sodium hydrogencarbon, solution, stabilized Gram Lugol solution, double amount of Gram Decolorizer solution 2 and Gram Safranin solution as counterstain.
2×50 mL+4×100 mL bottles
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BioGnost’s P.A.S. Diastase kit is most commonly used for identifying glycogen in liver. Periodic acid enables the molecules containing glycol groups to create aldehydes affected by Schiff’s reagent staining them violet (magenta). Specific stains are created by applying the PAS method on unsubsti-tuted polysaccharides, mucoproteins and glycoproteins, glycolipids and phospholipids. Alpha-amylase enzyme (also known as diastasis) is used for differentiation between glycogen and other PAS-positive structures by dissolving 1→4 glycosidic bonds, causing the glycogen to remain unstained after the PAS reaction. BioGnost’s P.A.S. Diastase kit uses thermostable enzyme which does not require heating to +37°C to be active, but incubat-ing the section at +37°C is preferred in order to achieve better glycogen breakdown. The same tissue section is used as negative control for this reaction, but the sample is not treated using alpha-amylase.
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